• used to identify a device
• it is a unique (address)
• it is a static address // it does not change
• it is set by the manufacturer
• the first part is the manufacturer ID/number / identifies the manufacturer
• the second part is the serial number / ID.

• not able to directly manipulate the hardware
• may need to wait for translation before running
• the program may be less efficient.

• Power surge/loss (damages hardware)
•  Use a UPS
• Water can be spilt on the device
• Don’t have water near the device
• Keep the device in a waterproof box when not is use
• Fire can destroy the device
• Use electrics safety
• Keep the device in a fireproof box when not in use
• Data is accidentally deleted
•  Add verification method for data deletion
•  Set access levels for data to limit who can delete the data
• Incorrect use of storage device
• Making sure the device is ejected before removing
•  Physical damage to hardware // hardware failure
•  Correct care and maintenance of hardware
•  Software failure 
• Making sure it is always up to date // enable automatic updates

• Sequential processing occurs in the order that the tasks are received while distributed processing where more than one computer or CPU is used to run specific programs.

device: beeper/loud speaker
use: to indicate barcode correctly read/error in reading barcode
device: (LCD) screen/monitor
use: to show prices and other information about goods
device: touch screen
use: to show prices and other information about goods/to select items that need to be
weighed/identified
device: weighing machine
use: to find weight of loose items (e.g. fruit) to enable pricing
device: (magnetic) card reader/CHIP and PIN reader
use: to read customer’s debit/credit card/enable customer to pay for goods using a
credit or debit card
device: printer
use: to print receipts

 Control unit

• Serial is the transmission of data one bit at a time/through one wire
• Parallel is the transmission of data more than one bit at a time/many wires
• Simplex is the transmission of data in one direction only
• Duplex is the transmission of data in both directions simultaneously

Phased:
Advantages:

• only a small part of the operation affected if new system fails
•  no need to pay for two sets of wages

Disadvantages:

•  time consuming (each part needs testing fully before expanding system)

Pilot:
Advantages:

• if new system fails, only that part will be affected
• possible to gradually train staff on pilot before whole system changes over

Disadvantages:

•  time consuming (waiting to see how pilot works before rolling out to rest of the organisation)

Direct:
Advantages:

•  less likely to malfunction since fully tested
• immediate benefits/less time wasted
•  reduced costs (only one system so no need to duplicate staff)

Disadvantages:

• disastrous if the new systems does fail

Parallel:
Advantages:

•  if new system goes down, there is a backup system in place
• possible to gradually train staff/staff have time to get used to the new system

• Resizing using resize handles
• Rotating
• Cropping
• Flipping
• Moving

Physical topology - the physical arrangement of nodes of a computer network

Examples

• bus topology
• ring topology
• mesh topology
• star topology

Logical topology- the way data flows in a network

Examples

• Ethernet
• Ring

- Passwords
- Hierarchy
- Only allow some staff to access student files
- Only some machines able to access
- Physical location of these machines
- Physical lock on machines
- Encrypted data in files
- Firewall if connected to the Internet

• Implementation

• Portable
• Light
• Faster access speed
• No moving parts
• Efficient power consumption
• Durable
• Small physical size
• Large storage capacity

(a) One from:

• Background checks
• Access control
• Physical security
• User policies

(b) To prevent unauthorised access (1) so that data remains confidential (1) by making it unintelligible (1) because it is scrambled (1)

        Misreading error

• virtual memory

• To detect and remove errors
• To confirm if the program produces the expected output

• an attribute/combination of attributes chosen to ensure that the records in a table are unique

Blagging

• This is where a victim is tricked/persuaded by a fraudster to give their details or payment information for a false reason/purpose;

Phishing

• This is where the victim receives and responds to communication that appears to be from a valid or known source but is in fact fraudulent. (It allows the fraudster to capture private information before the victim realises);

Shouldering

• This is where someone watches and records\remembers a victim entering their pin or security information such as passwords. (They can then use this information to gain access to a system)

• The preparation of a system proposal which lists the problem definition, objectives of the study, terms of reference of study, constraints, and expected benefits of the new system, in light of the user requirements