• A collection of related webpages under the same domain name

ROM stores BIOS / bootstrap / start-up 

RAM stores currently executing programs and data

(a) Disk mirroring- Data is written on two or more disks simultaneously.

(b) Encryption - Contents are scrambled so they cannot be understood without a decryption key

(c) Backup - A copy of the data is taken and stored in another location

• A software which can display a webpage on a user's computer screen

• (Cache) Stores regularly accessed instructions/data
• Reduces the need to access instructions/data from the main memory
•  Makes up for the difference in speed of the CPU and main memory

• switches can send and receive data simultaneously - they are full duplex
• a hub is half duplex- only one host can communicate at a time.
• a hub broadcast signals to all computers connected in a network while a switch directs data to its intended destination

give uninterrupted path through the system of linked traffic lights/
green link - wave
turn all lights to red
activate emergency generator
alarm

• Refers to the scrambling of data into unreadable form before transmission over a telecommunication media  OR
• transformation of data from plaintext to ciphertext

• colour codes // colour in HTML/CSS
• error messages
• locations in memory
• memory dump // debugging 
• IP(v6) address
• ASCII // Unicode
• assembly language
• URL.

Advantages

•  A touch screen is very intuitive
• Easy to use as the user simply touches what they see on the display
• Save space as no keyboard or mouse is required.
• Touch monitors can even be mounted on the wall.
• Touching a visual display of choices requires little thinking and is a form of direct manipulation that is easy to learn.
• Touch screens are the fastest pointing devices.
• Touch screens have easier hand-eye coordination than mice or keyboards.
• No extra workspace is required as with other pointing devices.
• Touch screens are durable in public access and in high volume usage

Disadvantages

• Difficult for people with accessibility issues, e.g no feedback, disability
• Can be easily damaged/scratched
• Damaged/scratched screen prevent the interface from functioning as it should
• Dirty screens difficult to read
• Users must be within arm’s reach of the display
• It is difficult to select small items
• User's hand may obscure the screen
• Screens need to be installed at a lower position and tilted to reduce arm fatigue
• Some reduction in image brightness may occur
• They cost more than alternative devices

Syntax errors-Incorrect use of programming language

Logical errors- The program do not give the expected output

Runtime errors- Premature end of a program

Modulation refers to the process of converting a digital signal to analog signal at the transmission end while demodulation is to converting analog signal to digital signal at the receiving end

– lightweight
– long battery life
– cool running processor
– touch pad
– internal webcam

• connecting wireless headphone to a phone
• Using a wireless mouse, keyboard etc
•  

Input : An algorithm can take 0 or more inputs well defined outputs

Finiteness: an algorithm must terminate in finite time and after finite number of steps. 

Definiteness : an algorithm must be clear and unambiguous. Each and every step of an algorithm must be clear and precise and it must have only one meaning

Feasibility: should be feasible with the available resources

Output : must produce at least one well defined output

Independent : should have a step-by-step directions which is independent of any programming language

Correctness: should solve the problem it is designed to solve

Efficiency: must take the shortest time possible to run and should require the least memory space. It should use a minimum number of computation steps and memory to produce the desired  output. takes little time and memory to run

Generality: should not be limited to a specific case. It should work for all the valid inputs. works for many possible inputs

Effectiveness : should statements that are relevant to the problem. Every step must be basic and essential. 

1. Low level languages do not resemble natural languages they are made up entirely of bit patterns
2. Low level languages produce code that is executed faster as it is already in a format the CPU can execute / does not need to be translated.
3. High level languages are easier to understand / learn as commands are more like English / identifiers can be meaningful .
4. High level languages are easier to use leading to fewer errors.

• It is an address to a resource on the internet

• Registers are small amounts of memory available that hold data fetched from memory or data waiting to be stored in memory. A temporary holding place for the instruction that has been fetched.
• The system clock purpose is to determine the pace of the cycle, each tick of the clock a part of the fetch-execute cycle occurs. Regulates the timing and speed of a computers systems functions.

• File handling - Copy/move/delete
• Anti-virus software - To protect files from attack by a virus
• Defragmentation - To keep files sensibly arranged on the hard drive
• Format - To divide the surface of a drive into smaller areas to aid storage

• Making prosthetic limbs for patients
• Making items which allow precise reconstructive surgery
• Making light-weight plane wings
• Making sculptures