• more accurate/improved stock control/recording system/automatic
• reordering/automatic updating of stock file
• less staff/wages needed
• sales statistics now available
• faster throughput
• itemised receipt
• records every transaction
• records staff work rates
• less pilfering by staff/easier to identify pilfering
• less errors
• faster calculations
• links to EFTPOS

• virtual memory

Multi-tasking - It is a data processing modes where a single CPU processing more than one task or program apparently at the same time

Time-sharing - a processing mode where a single CPU processes tasks from more than one user apparently at the same time

Time-sharing - this is a processing mode in which the CPU serves two or more users with different processing requirements ( tasks)

On-line processing - is a mode of processing where the result of data processing transaction is available immediately

Real-time processing - is a mode of data processing in which the time interval required to process and respond to inputs is so small that the response itself is useful for controlling the physical activity of a process

• it has a header that contains the destination address, the packet number, and the originator’s address
• it has a payload
• it has a trailer.

Uses transistors( resistors and capacitors) . It can be implemented by the use of NAND or NOR gates. Data is stored on the chip as a charge

• loss of jobs as some traditional shops/banks close
• lower profits for companies that do not get involved with e-commerce
• decline of leisure shopping as goods are bought on-line
• city centres becoming deserted as shops/banks close down
• gap between rich and poor widening as richer get savings from
• shopping on-line
• more people choosing to interact with computers rather than people
• increase in small businesses
• less pollution/travelling

• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• Post Office Protocol (POP)
• Internet Message Access Protocol(IMAP)

1.State two reasons for the increased use of laptop computers in government offices. [2]

They are small and fit in a small storage space

They are light weight hence can be carried to areas where their services are required

The monitor, system unit, keyboard units are integrated together

Easy to share

Have rechargeable battery

Have low power consumption

2.Computer network technicians prefer to use command-line based operating systems when configuring networks. State three reasons for the preference. [3]

Do not take up a lot of memory

Have direct access to most hardware devices/provide complete control during configuration

Cheaper to acquire as some are freeware/shareware

Faster to execute commands

Difficult to hack/more secure

More stable

3.State three measures that should be put in place in a computer laboratory to safeguard users’ health. [3]

• All power cables must be insulated and hidden from users
• Furniture used must be of standard
• Room should have adequate lighting
• No overcrowding
• Monitor should be fitted with anti glare
• Avoid dust
• Avoid slippery floor
• Avoid bright coloured walls
• Promote use of ergonomic devices

4.State three ways in which barcode readers may be used in schools. [3]

Take inventory of items

Transactions in the school library

Keep track of movement of goods

Track students in and out of school

Used to register roll call

5.State three advantages of flat panel monitors over cathode ray tube monitors as used in computers.                                                                                                                     [3]

• Compact and light/portable/less bulky/occupy less space
• Consume less power
• Low angle distortion
• Improved color depth
• Higher resolution
• Have less radiation
• Produce less heat

6.State three possible reasons for the extinction of daisy wheel printers in the market. [3]

• Slow
• Noisy
• Lack of graphic support
• Monochrome printer
• Supported on font type and size

7.State three ways in which an operating system secures a computer system.             [3]

• User authentication
• Secure user accounts with privileges
• Encryption of data
• Keeping log files
• Auto backup and auto recovery features
• Inbuilt antivirus

8.A law firm prefers to use hard copy output when handling documents for legal matters. State two reasons for this preference.                                                            [2]

• Can be used without electricity
• Can serve as physical evidence/exhibit
• Not easy to change content without leaving evidence
• No need of computer knowledge

9.State the function of each of the following feature in a word processor

a. Thesaurus                                                                                                                    [1]

Feature that suggests words with similar or opposite meanings to the selected word

b. Comments                                                                                                                   [1]

Feature that allows a user to attach remarks

10. With the aid of an example, explain the term multi-level list as used in word processing.                                                                                                                [3]

1. Chapter 10
   1. Summary
      1. xxxxxxxx

Formatting style that shows listed items at different level instead of using one line

11. Distinguish between real-time operating system and distributed operating system. [3]

Accept answers based on data processing concept

12. Explain the function of protect sheet feature in a spreadsheet program.                   [2]

A tool/feature that prevents unwanted changes to the spreadsheet. Requires a user to key in a password inorder to make changes

13. State four computer based careers introduced as a result of computerized data processing method at the airport.                                                                                     [2]

• System analysts
• Web designers
• Network administrators
• Network technicians
• Programmers
• Database Administrators

NB/ Accept any computer based career

14. In a spreadsheet, the formula = If(A1>10,A1*77,A1*50) is entered in a cell. Interpret the results.                                                                                                                        [3]

Checks the value in cell A1if it is more than 10, if the comparison is true then the outcome of the value in cell multiplied by 77 is displayed, else if it is false the results of the value in cell A1 multiplied by 50 are displayed.

15. State a stage in systems development cycle where each of the following activities are carried out:

a. Identifying the technologies that may be used in a proposed system.                       [1]

Accept any sub stage within system analysis e.g. requirement specification, problem definition, information gathering, etc

b. Identifying shortcomings of a system.                                                                       [1]

All stages of system development

c. Preparing the system migration plan.                                                                          [1]

Implementation stage

Advantages

• It is quicker to type commands
• Little memory needed
• Little processing power needed

Disadvantages

• Commands have to be typed precisely
• There is a large number of commands to be learnt
• It is not user friendly
• The user has to remember commands
• Users cannot transfer data between applications

Enrolment:
- Data input on line
- Individual records validated
- Speed mismatch implications
- Indexes updated immediately
Exam grades:
- Data input twice
- Off line
- Run as a batch
- At otherwise downtime

• provides an interface between the computer user and the hardware
• Manages the allocation and deallocation of the CPU to processes.
• manages Input-output devices by use of drivers

• backups/dumps of files
• copy of files on CD/tape streamer
• file generations

• Reads the data/packet to find the recipient's address 
• Has physical connections to >=2 different networks
• Holds a routing table
• Stores information about (IP) addresses 
• Keeps packets inside a network by not forwarding them 
• Forwards data / directs/forwards/sends packets 
• Chooses the most efficient path to the next node

• Serial is the transmission of data one bit at a time/through one wire
• Parallel is the transmission of data more than one bit at a time/many wires
• Simplex is the transmission of data in one direction only
• Duplex is the transmission of data in both directions simultaneously

Router

Syntax error

• An error in the source code of a program like pront("Hello, " + name) instead of print
• These are errors that emanate from improper use of language rules such as spelling mistakes,improper use of variables and misuse of reserved words

Logical error

• A mistake in a program's source code that results in incorrect or unexpected behaviour like if age == 65: print("Eligible for a discount.") instead of using if age >= 65: print("Eligible for a discount.")
• These are errors that occur due to imperfect comparisons

Run-time error

• An error which occurs when a program is asked to do something that it cannot, resulting in a ' crash'9. For example, asking a number to be divided by 0 such as 72/0.
• An error that results in a sudden halt of an executing program

• where the new system is completely different from the old one
• if there has been extensive testing of the system and the system analyst has confidence in its functionality
• If the system is not critical

• camera film speed, position (end of film), distance, light
• washing machine amount of water, speed of wash/temperature/time
• fridge temperature, display panel
• air conditioning temperature, timing, display pane

 Data

Instructions

A variable is a memory location used to store a value