• TCP/IP

• understand the current system
• produce data flow diagrams/system flowchart
• identify user/client requirements/objectives
• interpret user/client requirements/objectives
• agree requirements/objectives with the user/client
• collect data from the current system
• fact finding (e.g. questionnaires, interviewing, etc.)
• problem identification

• It ensures that each row has a unique and non-null primary key

• The user can access the source code  so, they can tailor the software to their needs and they can fix any bugs in it
• the source code could be studied for educational purposes
• The user can redistribute the software/program  but this must be done under the same terms as the original software

Describe how the computer on board the aeroplane uses GPS to find its exact location

– satellites transmit signals to onboard computers
– computers receive/interpret these signals
– system depends on very accurate timing/use of atomic clocks
– each satellite transmits data indicating location and time
– computer in aeroplane calculates location based on at least three satellites
– at least 24 satellites in operation at any one time
– position accurate to within one metre
– can also calculate altitude of aeroplane
– ref to “triangulation”:

Give two benefits of using GPS in this application

– safer as the known location is exact/more accurate
– reduces the possibility of pilot error
– allows accurate estimation of arrival time
– display and guide the pilot to the nearest airport in case of emergency

• To get the latest features
• To update security features

• Computer viruses
• Unstable power supply
• Hard disk crash
• Theft of data/programs

• Because it will be subject to movement  and it does not use mechanical/moving parts

          OR

• Solid state storage is smaller/more compact so better suited for a wearable device

          OR

• Doesn’t have moving parts  because they could be disrupted during use

• Access Controls: Authentication of users in order to access files
• Performing regular patches of updates
• creating secure accounts with required privileges
• scrutinizes all incoming and outgoing packets of data through a firewall
• encryption of data, during transmission
• Log files to detect any breach

• A non-volatile store of data

Trojan (horse); a program which misleads the user into thinking it is another

piece of software which, when run, executes another program;

Spyware; a program which records data such as usernames and passwords on

a host system and forwards the information to a third party;

Adware; code embedded or attached to program files which will persistently

show adverts (that attempt to generate revenue);

Worm; code which will run autonomously and replicates itself on a host system;

Ransomware; a program that encrypts user’s data to make it unreadable until

they pay for the key;

Remote Access Tool (RAT); allows access to control and monitor a computer

from a remote network location;

Rootkit; malware that has managed to gain ‘root’ admin privileges;

Bots/Zombies; a program installed on a computer that performs a job for the

remote owner of the bot/zombie such as sending spam or sending web requests

to perform a DOS or attacking a computer system;

Scareware; malware that tells you something is wrong with your system in an

attempt to get you to make a purchase;

Keylogger; a program that monitors/records a user’s keystrokes in order to steal

passwords/confidential details;

• A physical file contains the original data whereas a logical file does not contain any data
• A physical file contains one record format while a logical file can contain up to 32 record formats
• A physical file can exist without a logical file while a logical file cannot exist without a physical file

(a) Describe three effects this would have on the work force

• loss of jobs/unemployment
• deskilling
• need to re-train
• different jobs available/re-skilling
• no longer need to do hazardous/tedious jobs

(b) Give two advantages to the company of introducing robots

lower work force costs (no salaries to pay)

• lower environmental costs (less electricity for heating/lighting)
• higher throughput
• more consistent product
• robots don’t need breaks, holidays/work 24/7 etc.
• robots don’t take industrial action

(c) How could the robots be trained to assemble the televisions?

• tasks repeated by skilled worker and how each task is done is memorised
• tasks programmed directly into the computer/robot memor

(d) A whole batch of televisions was produced with some of the parts missing. How could this error have been avoided?

• if parts missing for a sequence, then a warning should be given and the assembly stopped
• several quality control stages to spot an error early on
• program in checks at each stage of assembly so robots can detect a fault immediately

1. Virus scanning / Anti-virus. Used to locate and delete viruses / scans and compares files with databases of known viruses.
2. Firewall: checks data packets / examines source address / filters out unexpected packets.
3. Back up. Copies data onto a separate storage device for use if the original data is lost or corrupted.

Define the term internet      1mk

• The global interconnection of computer networks for purpose of communication and resource sharing

Explain the term web page    1mk

• A hypertext  page prepared to display the content on the web

Explain the following internet address http://www.google.co.us in reference to the structure of a URL    3mks

• HTTP- hypertext transfer protocol or simply protocol
• WWW – subdomain
• google – the name of the computer with the web content/domain name
• .co – top level domain for commercial organization
• .us- a TLD extension for the country US

What is the world wide web                                       1mk

•  A virtual space on the internet that allows web pages and sites to be accessed

Define the term browser                                    1mk

•  A software that used viewing of web content

Explain the meaning of the word hyperlink     1mk

• A text or picture that is a link to another webpage on the internet

What is a search engine?     1mk

• Is a special program that collects and stores links to information websites allowing users to search its database for them
• A specialized web-based application that help the user to search for specific information on the internet.

Explain the meaning of the term internet service provider            1mk

• A company that offers internet services to end-users

Identify three elements apart from a computer that is required for one to be connected to the internet    3mk

• Modem
• Internet software
• Internet service provider
• Telecommunication lines
• TCP/IP protocols

Define the term modem 1mk

• Stands for modulator-demodulator
• A device that enables telecommunication to use telephone lines

What is a protocol? Write the following in full: TCP/IP, HTML, HTTP and FTP           5mks

• Protocols – are special communication rules that govern sending and receiving of messages by computers on a network
• Html – hypertext markup language
• Hypertext transfer protocol
• Transmission Control Protocol
• Internet Protocol
• File Transfer Protocol

What would you do if a website refused to load on the browser within the first attempt?   1mk

• Click the refresh button on the toolbar

 State three internet services                         3mks

• Instant messaging
• E-mails
• E-commerce
• Social media and networks
• E-learning

Define the term internet telephony      1mk

• Transmission of voice data over the internet

State three benefits of the internet in our society

• Provides a platform for conducting business and marketing
• Provides many platforms such as social media through which people can contact each other
• Cost saving
• Efficient communication