• a computer that responds to requests to provide information and services over the Internet - an Internet server
• defines how messages are transmitted and formatted over the Internet-HTTP
• software that enables users to access/view documents and other resources on the Internet - Browser     
• numerical ID for each device on the Internet-IP address
• unique ID for a network interface card  -MAC address

• Application software refers to software that is designed to help the computer user to accomplish specific tasks
• Examples of application software include; Internet browsers, word processors, spreadsheets, databases etc
• System software is software that performs tasks needed to operate the hardware and provide services to other software
• Examples Operating Systems, Networking software, utility programs(encryption, backup, disk defragmentation software, ...)

• Fibre optic cable would be used because it has a higher bandwidth, allowing faster communication in the main part of the network. It is also more secure as it cannot be tapped.
• Firewalls filter the data in and out of a network. Each packet is examined against the filter rules and if a packet is flagged, it is dropped. Only data packets that satisfy the filter rules are allowed through the firewall, thus providing a layer of security for the network.
• A satellite system would be better as it does not rely on wifi, cellular etc. It is not subject to interference and is reliable in remote conditions
• Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a tiny radio transponder, a radio receiver and transmitter. When triggered by an electromagnetic interrogation pulse from a nearby RFID reader device, the tag transmits digital data, usually an identifying inventory number, back to the reader. This number can be used to track inventory goods..

• Radio waves
• Microwaves
• Infrared waves

• Is where People are manipulated to divulge confidential information

Modulation refers to the process of converting a digital signal to analog signal at the transmission end while demodulation is to converting analog signal to digital signal at the receiving end

• devices are automatically detected and configured when initially attached
• Impossible to connect device incorrectly/connector only fits one way
• has become the industry standard
• supports multiple data transmission speeds
• lots of support base for USB software developers
• supported by many operating systems
• backward compatible
• faster transmission compared to wireless

A computer system refers to computer components that collectively function as a single unit to achieve the desired goal. It can also be defined as a collection of hardware, software, and liveware that work together to receive, process, and manage data

• Is an integration of sound, text, graphics, and video to convey information

(a)Explain why programmers prefer to represent instruction in hexadecimal rather than in binary

• A larger number of values can be represented using fewer characters.
• the shorter length and more characters make the pattern easier to read and understand
• recognisable character codes can be used for debugging

(b) Give two other uses of hexadecimal

• HMTL color codes representing RGB spectrum in the web development
• representation of MAC and IP addresses allowing a larger combination of unique addresses

– fact finding
– feasibility study
– analysis
– design
– testing
– documentation
– implementation/changeover/installation
– evaluation
– maintenance

• It sends control signals that manage the transfer of data and instructions within the CPU
• It decodes an instruction using an instruction set

Multimedia Capability - A laptop with strong multimedia capabilities is essential for a computer studies project submitted on CD-RW. This ensures that the laptop can efficiently handle multimedia content, providing a seamless experience in creating and presenting project materials.

Processor Speed - Opting for a laptop with a high processor speed is crucial. This feature enables the smooth execution of multiple applications simultaneously, enhancing overall project efficiency and reducing processing delays.

Hard Disk Capacity - Consider a laptop with ample hard disk capacity, as the Microsoft Office suite used in computer projects requires significant space for the installation and storage of project files. A spacious hard drive ensures that there is sufficient room for data and applications.

Main Memory Capacity - Given that students often work with multiple programs concurrently during a project, it's important to choose a laptop with an adequate main memory size. A smaller main memory may result in performance issues, hindering the seamless operation of various software applications during project development.

• user changes his mind
• new government legalisation/company policy company changes
• changes in hardware
• changes in software/upgrades/new versions
• improved operating efficiency/ease of use

• Thesaurus - Is a feature in a word processor that suggest words with the similar or opposite meaning to the one selected
• Comments: a feature in a word processor that allows a user to attach a remark about the selection

• Main memory is transitory/temporary/volatile, secondary storage is (semi-)permanent
• The processor can only use data/instructions that are in the main memory
• Main memory is directly accessible to the processor, secondary storage is not directly accessible to the processor 

The organisation of files is in a hierarchy/tree structure
A node is either a folder/directory/sub-folder/sub-directory or the file itself
The top node/folder/directory/drive is the root

• A computer is an electronic device that operates (works) under the control of programs stored in its own memory unit
• An electronic device that accepts data, as input and transforms it under the influence of a set of special instructions called programs, to produce the desired output (referred to as information)

• star - if one computer goes down the others can still be used
• ring - if one computer goes down the others can not be used

• It is a utility software that places file data in adjacent sectors to free up space for more data and reduce access time for files stored